Operations & Sourcing method guide

Product / Market Groups

Product / Market Groups defines the distinct segments in which success must be understood.

Beginner-friendly guide · 4 min read

What Product / Market Groups does

Product / Market Groups defines the distinct segments in which success must be understood.

Product-market grouping divides a diverse business into combinations that face meaningfully different customers, competitors and success requirements. It creates a stable commercial unit of analysis for later portfolio, capability and sourcing work.

Groups should be distinct enough to support different decisions without becoming a separate category for every minor variation. Define products, services, markets, customers and geography explicitly.

In the Cambridge make-or-buy sequence, product-market groups provide the commercial unit of analysis from which key success factors and important activities are derived.[1][2]

Method schematicCombine meaningful product and market distinctions

Each occupied cell can become a product-market group when its success logic is genuinely different.

Markets or customer groups

Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D

Products or services

InnovationFlow explanatory schematic, synthesised from the method sources[1][2].

Understand the method

The parts in plain language

1

Product or service scope

Describe what is offered and which underlying activity system is relevant. Combine variants only when their strategic logic is similar.[1][2]

Illustrative example

New equipment sales and lifecycle services may need separate groups despite serving the same installed base.

2

Market scope

Define the customer situation, segment, application and geography in which success is judged.[1][2]

Illustrative example

Regulated process plants may value assurance differently from small general manufacturers.

3

Coherent group

A useful group shares competitors, buying criteria, economics and important capabilities. Test whether the same success factors genuinely apply.[1][2]

Illustrative example

Remote support for legacy equipment may be distinct from support for newly connected products.

When to use it

  • When sourcing or capability analysis is too generic across a diverse business.
  • Before defining key success factors.

A practical workflow

  1. 1

    List products, services, markets and customer groups.

  2. 2

    Combine them into strategically coherent segments.

  3. 3

    Record scope, evidence, attractiveness and distinctions between groups.

  4. 4

    Pass the groups into success-factor and portfolio analysis.

Fictional worked example

Example: segmenting an industrial service portfolio

This example is illustrative rather than a reported case. A manufacturer separates offerings before defining key success factors.

New connected equipment

Observation:Data access is built in and buyers expect digital features.

Implication:Integration and lifecycle value shape success.

Legacy retrofit

Observation:Installed systems vary and disruption is costly.

Implication:Adaptability and field execution matter more.

Regulated sites

Observation:Assurance and traceability dominate buying criteria.

Implication:Treat them separately from price-led general industry.

From analysis to decision

How to interpret the result

  • 1Check whether groups face distinct success factors.
  • 2Keep data definitions comparable across groups.
  • 3Use the groups consistently in portfolio and sourcing analysis.

The interpretation guidance is an InnovationFlow synthesis of[1][2].

What a useful output looks like

A set of explicit product-market segments.
A stable commercial frame for downstream analysis.

Common pitfalls

  • Avoid segments so broad that their success factors become generic.
  • Do not create a separate group for every minor variation.

References and method basis

  1. [1]Probert, D. (1997). Developing a Make or Buy Strategy for Manufacturing Business. Institution of Electrical Engineers. Source ↗Original method source
  2. [2]Canez, L.E., Platts, K.W. and Probert, D.R. (2000). Developing a framework for make-or-buy decisions. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(11), 1313-1330. Source ↗Peer-reviewed research

This guide synthesises the named sources into practical questions for strategy and innovation work. It does not claim that using a tool by itself produces a successful decision.

Practitioner support

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